Transmission fluid change vs flush

Transmission fluid change vs flush

Start the engine, pump the pan nearly dry before loosening the bolts. When the fluid gushing from the cooler tube starts to "sputter", shut the engine off. With the pan nearly empty, remove the bolts, lower the pan. No reason to get slimy from spilled fluid. Clean the pan as stated previously, and replace the filter.Oct 15, 2019 · A transmission fluid change will add tens of thousands of miles—which could be years of service—to a transmission’s life expectancy and prevent repairs costing thousands down the road. Read on to learn how to change transmission fluid. A transmission flush-and-fill from a shop will cost you $149 to $199. Start the engine, shift into Drive, and release the park brake. 4. Push down on the accelerator pedal to raise the vehicle speed to 2,500 rpm. • If the trans shifts past 2nd gear, go to step 5. • If the trans won’t shift past 2nd gear, keep the engine speed at 2,500 rpm and shift from Drive to. Neutral and back to Drive.Transmission Fluid Change vs. Fluid Flush. POR: Alex Perrone. enero 27, 2022. Staying up-to-date on your car, truck or SUV’s essential maintenance schedule is the key to helping it last for years to come. One such maintenance task that every owner of a manual or automatic transmission vehicle needs to do is changing the … Factors Influencing Cost. Vehicle maintenance is a wise investment, guarding against hefty expenses like a $4,000.00 transmission swap. The cost of a transmission fluid change, typically ranging from $100.00 to $300.00, is tied to the specific fluid required by the vehicle. Quality, brand, and quantity contribute more to the cost than labor. The following article has some information on the range of values you're looking for: Gears Magazine - The ZF 8-Speed Transmission Fluid and Filter Change To summarize, you want -300 to 300 mbar of filling pressure, and -120 to 120 ms of filling time. Check this data either before you change your fluid and/or …See full list on autozone.com The big difference between changing the fluid and flushing is that a fluid change will not replace all the transmission fluid in the reservoir with new fluid. You can easily understand that you will …The Verdict. Keeping your transmission in perfect working order will ensure your system continues to offer optimum performance and help you to avoid costly repairs. A transmission fluid change will help to restore your …6 posts · Joined 2015. #12 · Mar 15, 2020. At 80K, I took the car (2016 OB) to the dealer to diagnose knock noise when turning (right front axle). Dealer highly recommended CVT flush due to performance issues reported by high mileage (120K+) Subaru's. I was driving a 2019 loaner and the CVT seemed quieter and smoother.Transmission fluid changes are cheaper than flushes, but come with a trade off. Typically, a fluid change isn’t able to get all of the fluid out of the transmission. This is because of how the fluid comes to rest within the transmission itself. During a transmission fluid change the transmission is …There can be significant benefits to an engine flush. Check out 5 benefits of an engine flush at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Many oil-change chains offer extra services these days...29 Apr 2021 ... A t-tap machine will push fluid backwards through the transmission to dislodge debris. · Disconnecting the return line from the ATF cooler, ...Flushing the transmission uses a machine to pump the old fluid out while pumping new fluid in. This method allows for the replacement of all fluid in the transmission in one go. On its own, a transmission flush is much faster and more thoroughly replaces fluid than a pan drop. Ideally, pressure from only the vehicle’s own …Just drop the pan, replace the pickup strainer and strainer seal with GM parts or WIX 58837. Refill with Dexron VI transmission fluid. You should update the transmission pan magnets while you're in there. There's a GM service bulletin for the magnets I posted in another thread. GM TSB 08-07-30-040C.Oct 15, 2019 · A transmission fluid change will add tens of thousands of miles—which could be years of service—to a transmission’s life expectancy and prevent repairs costing thousands down the road. Read on to learn how to change transmission fluid. A transmission flush-and-fill from a shop will cost you $149 to $199. It's worth noting that intervals for changing transmission fluid vary widely. For some cars and trucks, it can range from as little as 30,000 miles to more than 100,000 miles.See full list on autozone.com Add the recommended Honda automatic transmission fluid until it starts to drip at the check hole. Remove the funnel and reinstall the cap for the filler hole. Install the 17mm bolt on the side of the transmission housing. Start the engine, check for any issues/leaks, and drive it for 15 minutes to bring it to normal operating temperature.Transmission flushes cause problems under 2 conditions: 1. The flush machine uses an internal pump that has it's own set line pressure (which may be or less than the transmission). 2. The flush uses generic "flush" chemicals that cause damage. Flushes aren't bad especially if the transmission flush machine uses the internal pump to move the ...Jan 14, 2021 · A flush SEEMS better the way it is described, but I know of some mechanics who say a flush can actually cause some harm. It's impossible to tell from reading online. Some sites will say is a flush is absolutely essential and the only way to completely replace your fluid. Others say a flush is just unnecessary and just a money-maker for mechanics. 1. Remove the auto transmission dipstick and set it aside. 2. If fitted, unbolt the drain plug and let transmission fluid drain into oil tray. 3. Remove transmission retaining bolts around the periphery of the transmission pan. 4. Leave a few bolts in loose at one end and let the remaining fluid drain out. 5.2. Start the engine, and warm it up to normal operating temperature (the radiator. fan comes on), and turn the engine off. Do not allow the engine to warm up. more than two cycles of the cooling fan. 3. Remove the dipstick (yellow loop) (A), and wipe it with a clean cloth.15 Sept 2021 ... I think GM recommends first fluid change at 45000 miles, with filter change if it's serviceable. You have to drop the transmission to get to ...Flushing is bad and a controversial method. Basically you just want to drain the transmission, replace the filter and refill it with new fluid. Like an oil change but for your transmission. Totally different than a flush, but the objective is about the same. This should be done roughly every 50k miles.Feb 12, 2023 · A computer controlled transmission "learns" your driving habits and maintains operational parameters best suited to your driving style. When a fluid exchange happens, the "frictional debris" is removed with the fluid when the fluid is exchanged. The new fluid also "washes out" some debris embedded in the band material. Proponents of transmission flushes will often argue that a flush is a better service because it replaces more of your transmission fluid. It's true that ...Originally Posted by nrivera04. Most everyone is generally against flushing. Especially on higher mile transmissions. High risk of washing the clutches out leaving you with a garbage transmission that won’t pull. Just a fluid and filter change would be my recommendation if you were going to do anything.Many people prefer a transmission fluid flush to a fluid change, as the wholly new fluid will be cleaner and last longer before additional service is required.Maintenance schedule calls for changing the automatic transmission fluid every 20,000 miles if towing. I'd recommend every 30,000 if not. Also I just do a drain and fill. According to this site, it does have a filter: "Your Nissan Frontier transmission filter will need to be replaced every 30,000 or 50,000 miles.232. 63. Fullerton CA. Sep 28, 2010. #3. Mac Daddy said: The last time I had the oil changed in my LMM the tech told me that at 50k miles GM suggests that you flush the transmission fluid. I am kinda nervous about changing fluids without changing the filter. Several questions I have:The Toyota Maintenance Guide for the four-cylinder Camry 5SFE engine says to inspect the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) every 30,000 miles. It doesn't say when or whether to replace the fluid, but in general, mechanics recommend a simple "drain-and-fill" every 30,000 miles. With most automatic transmissions, …Add the recommended Honda automatic transmission fluid until it starts to drip at the check hole. Remove the funnel and reinstall the cap for the filler hole. Install the 17mm bolt on the side of the transmission housing. Start the engine, check for any issues/leaks, and drive it for 15 minutes to bring it to normal operating temperature.A transmission flush is significantly more expensive than a fluid change. Is it even necessary to pay the extra money for the flush? They need to give you good reason that justifies the flush, such as: …A flush removes 80 to 90% of old fluid, an exchange about 50%. If you have service your transmission routinely a flush is ok. But if you're flushing atf after 100,000 miles or more, flushes may not be recommended. I think GM recommends first fluid change at 45000 miles, with filter change if it's serviceable.Also there is no way for a flush with a manual transmission since they have a fill plug and a drain plug, no tube to shove fluid through for a flush. Typically it needs drain and full refill every 100k miles, some less depending on model and manufacturer standards. Then open the fill plug every oil change and add a little if needed.Take to dealer or a qualified independent or transmission specialist. They can determine a lot about the health of the tranny with a filter and fluid change. If extremely dirty then they may recommend another flush in a couple months. Drain and fill only removes about 1/3 of the total fluid in system.20 Mar 2007 ... As much as we love the idea of all new fresh fluid, forget a total flush like an engine oil change, a transmission does not work that way.Of all the things that need to be cleaned in your home, your mattress is probably the one you think about the least. As long as you use a mattress cover and change the sheets regul... Stay-in-your-car oil change in about 15 minutes. CUSTOMER SERVICE M-F 8:00 AM - 9:00 PM (Eastern Time) Sat 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM (Eastern Time) except holidays. TRANSMISSION FLUSHES & TRANSMISSION FLUID REPLACEMENTS NEAR YOU. Help keep your gears shifting smoothly – with transmission fluid replacement services from Valvoline Instant Oil Change SM. 2 Causes of Transmission Problems After a Fluid Change. A transmission fluid change should make your vehicle run better, not cause new problems. But in some cases, shifter issues, slipping, and leaks arise after a fluid replacement. Not all post-change problems mean the mechanic made a mistake.Updated Aug 1, 2021. Having a highly-functioning transmission is important for any vehicle. The need for transmission fluid in your vehicle is always high considering that you …Just as an engine requires regular oil changes to perform at its best and stay in good condition, your vehicle’s transmission needs scheduled fluid changes. Based on your vehicle’s recommended maintenance schedule, Jiffy Lube® can remove old and used fluid, replacing it with new transmission fluid that exceeds manufacturer specifications. Factors Influencing Cost. Vehicle maintenance is a wise investment, guarding against hefty expenses like a $4,000.00 transmission swap. The cost of a transmission fluid change, typically ranging from $100.00 to $300.00, is tied to the specific fluid required by the vehicle. Quality, brand, and quantity contribute more to the cost than labor. 20 Apr 2013 ... Flushes are fine if they are done regularly. You have problems if it is done on a high mileage tranny that has never been flushed or changed. In ...2. Start the engine, and warm it up to normal operating temperature (the radiator. fan comes on), and turn the engine off. Do not allow the engine to warm up. more than two cycles of the cooling fan. 3. Remove the dipstick (yellow loop) (A), and wipe it with a clean cloth.Brake fluid change involves replacing a portion of old fluid, while a flush completely removes and replaces all fluid. A brake flush effectively removes trapped air bubbles, ensuring optimal brake performance and preventing potential brake system issues. We will discuss the key differences between a brake fluid …A flush removes 80 to 90% of old fluid, an exchange about 50%. If you have service your transmission routinely a flush is ok. But if you're flushing atf after 100,000 miles or more, flushes may not be recommended. I think GM recommends first fluid change at 45000 miles, with filter change if it's serviceable.Maintenance schedule calls for changing the automatic transmission fluid every 20,000 miles if towing. I'd recommend every 30,000 if not. Also I just do a drain and fill. According to this site, it does have a filter: "Your Nissan Frontier transmission filter will need to be replaced every 30,000 or 50,000 miles.The Toyota Maintenance Guide for the four-cylinder Camry 5SFE engine says to inspect the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) every 30,000 miles. It doesn't say when or whether to replace the fluid, but in general, mechanics recommend a simple "drain-and-fill" every 30,000 miles. With most automatic transmissions, …Apr 26, 2017 · 6449 posts · Joined 2009. #2 · Apr 26, 2017 (Edited) Typically, "flush" implies pushing fluid through the transmission with some velocity, cleaning out the torque converter and other sections. It is rumored to cause problems by forcing insolubles off of the walls of the transmission and into small channels. "Change" implies dropping the pan ... 83 posts · Joined 2008. #8 · Aug 19, 2009. The convenience of flushes makes sense. My concern is that flushes will stir up debris on the bottom of the pan and in the filter. I understand the issue of not being able to drain the torque converter or cooler when doing a drain and fill. I still prefer the drain and fill just from the standpoint ...As opposed to the flush, the transmission fluid change is the complete drainage of the transmission fluid and subsequent replacement with fresh fluid. The ...May 5, 2022. Over time, engines can accumulate deposits that reduce power and performance. Since automatic transmission fluid contains detergents to clean sludge, some DIYers add a small amount of transmission fluid in their oil to clean the engine prior to oil changes. ATF, however, is not formulated for use in automotive engines.A transmission fluid flush typically costs between $125 to $250, while a transmission fluid change costs between $80 and $250, depending on factors such as the car’s year, make, and model, location, service center, method of flushing, type of ATF used, amount of fluid required, and additional services …If there is no transmission fluid coming out of the level plug hole, top up until it starts to drop. Fit the integrated level plug (Torx 40) by hand. Reuse the old O-ring. Switch off the engine. To prevent the temperature exceeding the measuring interval in the next measure, top up with 0.5 litre transmission fluid Fit the filler …2. Drain CVT fluid from CVT fluid cooler hose (outlet side) (1) and. refill with new CVT fluid at CVT fluid charging pipe with the. engine running at idle speed. 3. Refill until new CVT fluid comes out from CVT fluid cooler hose. (outlet side) (1). About 30 to 50% extra fluid will be required for this procedure. ~Mark.Make sure they use a GL-4 gear oil for manual transmissions. It takes just about 2 quarts. If it’s automatic. A fluid exchange always gets confused with a “flush”. If you go to a shop and they do a “flush” (fluid exchange) they hook the transmission cooler lines up to a machine that pumps in new fluid as the old fluid comes out.The top signs of transmission trouble could indicate major problems. Visit HowStuffWorks to see the top 10 signs of transmission trouble. Advertisement Diagnosing car problems your.... Transmission Service, New Filter(s) and fresh fluid, fluid replacement only doesn't change the filter so the chiapets stay in the pan and on the magnets, usually a GOOD indication if the trans is wearing ot grenading, fluid flush , flushes the cooler , lines and torque converfer but doesn't change or clean the filter.One of the darker moments of my parenting career saw me holding a terrified three-year-old on a toilet that repeatedly automatically flushed at a volume that is only appropriate fo...The transmission fluid change is a low-impact process, with plenty of opportunities for your mechanic to determine the actual condition of your transmission. This makes it an ideal preventive …Understanding transmission fluid change vs flush. A transmission is a crucial component of any vehicle, responsible for transferring power from the engine to the wheels. To ensure its smooth operation and longevity, regular maintenance is required. One essential aspect of this maintenance is the periodic replacement of the transmission fluid. If you’re ever in doubt, it’s safest to follow the severe schedule. The typical guidelines for transmission fluid changes are: Every 30,000 miles for passenger cars, crossovers, and minivans under severe service. Every 60,000 miles for cars, vans, and crossovers under normal service. For trucks and SUVs, it’s also every 60,000 miles under ... As opposed to the flush, the transmission fluid change is the complete drainage of the transmission fluid and subsequent replacement with fresh fluid. The ...All of the dirty fluid that's sitting in the torque converter, and many of the passages, just stays there and contaminates the new fluid. So a flush is a better alternative. We use a machine at the garage that connects to the transmission cooler lines. And, while the engine is running, it sends new fluid in and captures the old fluid coming out ...Changing transmission fluid typically replaces only a portion of the old fluid. This replaces approximately 20% to 40% of the old fluid and then fills with new …Oct 15, 2019 · A transmission fluid change will add tens of thousands of miles—which could be years of service—to a transmission’s life expectancy and prevent repairs costing thousands down the road. Read on to learn how to change transmission fluid. A transmission flush-and-fill from a shop will cost you $149 to $199. By Colleen Wright. |. In Knowledge, Transmission. 283. |. 0. Transmission Fluid: Change Vs Flush. We both know why you came here. Your transmission is one …Aug 31, 2020 · A fluid change typically costs around $100, while a fluid flush usually costs around $150. In addition, transmission changes are common after 30,000-mile intervals of driving. 09 Jun 2023 ... The transmission cannot be “flushed” unless the shop has a very special and rare adapter. There are no lines that enter or exit the transmission ... The simple answer is that a transmission fluid flush is far better than a transmission fluid change. During a transmission fluid flush, virtually all of the old fluid in your system is pumped out of your transmission, allowing the entire system to benefit from the clean, fresh transmission fluid. In contrast, only about 40% of the dirty fluid ... Feb 1, 2022 · Fluid change involves draining oil from the pan and changing the filter. This service removes about 50% of the old fluid. Then, a new liquid is added to the old one. So, the performance of the transmission gets improved. Because 50% new liquid increases the lubricating and heat resistant feature of the overall fluid. See full list on autozone.com Nov 30, 2023 · The cost to change transmission fluid in a Chevy Silverado 1500 can vary. If you do it yourself, the cost is primarily for the fluid and filter, roughly $100-$150. At a service center, it may cost anywhere from $150 to $300, including labor. Conclusion. Regular maintenance, including a transmission fluid change, is key to keeping your Silverado ... 20 May 2022 ... But flushes also helps getting the old broke down fluid out. Either one should prolong the life of your transmission. Like.Transmission Flush/Transfusion. Fluid Changed: 10-12 quarts; Filter Replaced (if applicable) Screen Cleaned (if applicable) Gasket Replaced (if applicable) So What’s The Real Difference? The main difference as outline above is the amount of fluid that is exchanged from the transmission system as well as the method in which the fluid is being ...Transmission Fluid Change for Automatic and Manual Vehicles. Your transmission needs to have the fluid changed regularly to ensure your vehicle drives well and stays in good working order – and to avoid costly transmission repairs in the future. Depending on your circumstances and driving habits, your …Honda Accord Transmission Flush. Due to the length of time required, transmission flushes are typically twice as expensive as fluid changes. As well as removing fluid from your transmission’s cooler lines and other components during the flush. To completely clean and flush out a Honda Accord transmission, about 10 quarts of fluid are used.May 4, 2017 · I contacted the dealer that did the Trans. Flush a few years ago on my truck (before I bought it). they said that they used Dexron III (which I think is a non-synthetic trans fluid) for Toyota. That was at 103K miles, now I have 135K miles on it. Since I tow a boat at times, I thought maybe I should change the transmission fluid more frequent. Step 7: Break open the transmission fill plug with 8mm hex bit. Do not remove yet, we are just making sure we can get it off before we drain the fluid. It’s on the passenger side of the transmission. Towards the rear, about 1” above the pan. Step 8: Remove transmission drain plug with 10mm hex bit.My mechanic is adamantly against a transmission fluid flush and fill saying it causes more problems. They recommend only replacing the fluid. ... He took pictures of the process and the fluid color change was dramatic. I picked up 15psi and that undoubtfully contributed to the improved shifting. If you do a flush come back and …03 Oct 2014 ... GM has issued a TSB that advises against engine and transmission flushes, and it states that anything used in a transmission other that GM ...Change the transmission fluid in a forklift by running the engine until it is warm and placing a pain underneath the forklift. Remove the drain plug from the transmission drain pan...Flushing the transmission is something that needs to be done for the right reasons also. When fluid is drained by simply removing the drain plug, a considerable amount of oil is retained in the transmission including the torque converter, which is the link between the engine and transmission. In an effort to replace as much …There can be significant benefits to an engine flush. Check out 5 benefits of an engine flush at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Many oil-change chains offer extra services these days...Transmission Service, New Filter(s) and fresh fluid, fluid replacement only doesn't change the filter so the chiapets stay in the pan and on the magnets, usually a GOOD indication if the trans is wearing ot grenading, fluid flush , flushes the cooler , lines and torque converfer but doesn't change or clean the filter.May 5, 2022. Over time, engines can accumulate deposits that reduce power and performance. Since automatic transmission fluid contains detergents to clean sludge, some DIYers add a small amount of transmission fluid in their oil to clean the engine prior to oil changes. ATF, however, is not formulated for use in automotive engines.21 Sept 2017 ... So a flush is a better alternative. We use a machine at the garage that connects to the transmission cooler lines. And, while the engine is ...Feb 1, 2018 · Here is a GM procedure for trans flush from a technical service bulletin for 2015 8-sp. Note-The 8-sp does not have a dipstick. This was done to my 2015 truck and then a new torque converted was installed. I had them install AMSOIL Signature Series Fuel Efficient ATF when they changed the torque converter later on. 83 posts · Joined 2008. #8 · Aug 19, 2009. The convenience of flushes makes sense. My concern is that flushes will stir up debris on the bottom of the pan and in the filter. I understand the issue of not being able to drain the torque converter or cooler when doing a drain and fill. I still prefer the drain and fill just from the standpoint ...May 22, 2023 · Signs You Need to Change Transmission Fluid. Difficulty shifting gears: If you have a tough time shifting gears, specifically when shifting from a lower gear to a higher gear, it may be time to ... Jan 14, 2021 · A flush SEEMS better the way it is described, but I know of some mechanics who say a flush can actually cause some harm. It's impossible to tell from reading online. Some sites will say is a flush is absolutely essential and the only way to completely replace your fluid. Others say a flush is just unnecessary and just a money-maker for mechanics. Brake fluid change involves replacing a portion of old fluid, while a flush completely removes and replaces all fluid. A brake flush effectively removes trapped air bubbles, ensuring optimal brake performance and preventing potential brake system issues. We will discuss the key differences between a brake fluid …A transmission fluid flush typically costs between $125 to $250, while a transmission fluid change costs between $80 and $250, depending on factors such as the car’s year, make, and model, location, service center, method of flushing, type of ATF used, amount of fluid required, and additional services …Transmission fluid flush vs change. When it comes to changing the transmission fluid in your vehicle, there are two main methods that can be used: a flush or a change. It's important to understand the difference between these methods so you can make an informed decision about which one is best for your specific needs.24 Feb 2018 ... The main reason is the internal hydraulic circuits which do not allow total fluid replacement. Flushing accomplishes nothing and, if done ...Transmission fluid works as a lubricant and coolant for your transmission. It also helps the engine send power to your transmission. In other words, without it, your car wouldn’t w...Normally, these adjustments are designed to allow the transmission to maintain optimum shifts as parts wear and fluid gets dirty. However, these adjustments can also be reset to allow the transmission to "learn" a different fluid manufacturer's friction coefficient. 1. Drain the fluid from the pan and add new.Changing a vehicle’s transmission fluid is a rather straightforward affair, which involves draining all fluid in a transmission’s sump, either by removing a …05 Jul 2015 ... The ONLY way to properly service a transmission is to drop the pan, replace the filter and refill. Flushes only do one thing well, flush good ...When you do, also note the color of the fluid. If it is anything other than bright red, you may need a transmission fluid change. Shifting is difficult: Whether you drive a vehicle with an automatic or manual transmission, it still changes gears. If you have an automatic, you may notice that it shifts “harder”, or …Transmission flushes cause problems under 2 conditions: 1. The flush machine uses an internal pump that has it's own set line pressure (which may be or less than the transmission). 2. The flush uses generic "flush" chemicals that cause damage. Flushes aren't bad especially if the transmission flush machine uses the internal pump to move the ...Learn the difference between a transmission fluid change and a flush, and how they affect your car's performance and fuel economy. Find out when and why to choose one …Why You Should NEVER FLUSH YOUR TRANSMISSION FLUID!!In this video I decide to go against the grain here and flush the transmission fluid in my 1995 GMC Subur...Transmission Fluid Change vs. Fluid Flush. POR: Alex Perrone. enero 27, 2022. Staying up-to-date on your car, truck or SUV’s essential maintenance schedule is the key to helping it last for years to come. One such maintenance task that every owner of a manual or automatic transmission vehicle needs to do is changing the …HOME. RESOURCE CENTER. TRANSMISSION FLUSH VS TRANSMISSION EXCHANGE. Posted under Car Fluids. Like a turtle and a tortoise or a malted and a …Adding fluid to a manual transmission is more difficult than adding fluid to an automatic transmission. For an automatic transmission, you just pop the hood and add the fluid into ...Flushing is bad and a controversial method. Basically you just want to drain the transmission, replace the filter and refill it with new fluid. Like an oil change but for your transmission. Totally different than a flush, but the objective is about the same. This should be done roughly every 50k miles.Feb 12, 2023 · A computer controlled transmission "learns" your driving habits and maintains operational parameters best suited to your driving style. When a fluid exchange happens, the "frictional debris" is removed with the fluid when the fluid is exchanged. The new fluid also "washes out" some debris embedded in the band material. Amphil04 Discussion starter. 4 posts · Joined 2022. #3 · Feb 19, 2022. Seagrass said: The HRV scheduled CVT fluid change in Australia is every 24,000 miles (40,000 Km’s) and they never do a “flush” they just do a drain and fill. I believe in the US the CVT fluid is considered to be “lifetime“ fluid (only changed …The transmission fluid change cost is between $95 and $400 on average if you have it changed at a local dealer or mechanic. However, you can do it yourself for a fraction of the cost – normally for well under $100, as long as you have the right tools and mechanical knowledge. When the automatic transmission … ---1